Ophthalmology

B Shukla (MAMS, FAMS, FICS, FACS, FAICO, PhD, D.Sc) is working as Director of Research and Training at Ratan Jyoti Netralaya and Ophthalmic Institute, Gwalior. He has been the President of All India Ophthalmological Society and recipient of its Life Time Achievement Award in addition to Dr P Siva Reddy International Award. He was the Founder Secretary of Ocular Trauma Society of India, its’ Past President and is now the Patron. He received Air Marshal Boparai Oration Award for his work in the society and recently he has been awarded Padma Bhushan Dr Hari Mohan Award for his outstanding contribution to ocular trauma. He is recipient of 10 national and 10 state level awards. He has attended 28 international and 40 national conferences. He is a Member of International Society of Ocular Trauma (I.S.O.T.) and participated in its 7 conferences in different countries.

To avoid confusion in various terms used in ocular trauma Kuhn et al defined most of the terms and made a classification of global injuries. These are divided into closed globe and open globe types. For convenience he coined the term eye wall which comprises of cornea and sclera. In closed globe there is partial thickness wound whereas in latter there is full thickness wound of eye wall. In the closed type is included contusion and lamellar laceration. In the open type are included rupture, penetration, perforation and intraocular foreign bodies. In closed globe many other conditions can also be included like traumatic squint, glaucoma and extra-ocular foreign bodies (E.O.F.B.). Some small F.B. are located within the eye wall which have been termed intra-mural F.B. They are not included. The word laceration implies full thickness wound of eye wall. In penetration there is single and in perforation there are two lacerations in globe. Ophthalmology is basically derived from general surgery where many examples show clearly that penetration is always in a solid structure and perforation in a hollow structure filled with fluid or gas. Eyeball is grossly a hollow structure filled with aqueous and vitreous. If any object pierces the eyeball it would be of perforation and not penetration. A kidney or liver are penetrated because they are solid whereas gall bladder or urinary bladders are perforated because they are hollow. An injection needle penetrates biceps muscle and a thorn penetrates the heal because they are solid. Similarly when some pathological event is repeated you cannot give it a different name. Thus when the globe is pierced by an object twice it is logical to call it a double perforation rather than call the former as penetration and the latter as perforation as mentioned in the current classification.